ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the relationship between negative attentional bias and post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) in the context of higher depression and anxiety symptoms after the outbreak of COVID-19, so as to provide scientific basis for mental health education in primary and secondary schools. Methods: From March to April 2021, a total of 708 students from primary school and junior high school (grade 6 through grade 9) in Beijing, Shanxi, Hunan, Shandong, Hebei, Hubei of China were selected. The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale(CRIES), the Attention to Positive and Negative Information Scale (APNI)and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) were used in a questionnaire survey. Results: A total of 242 students were diagnosed with PTSD, and the detection rate was 34.2%. The scores of intrusion and high arousal of boys(7.92+or-5.33, 8.60+or-5.41) were lower than those of girls(8.72+or-4.85, 9.50+or-4.76), and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.04, -2.32, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences of negative attention bias, CRIES score, intrusion, debarb and high arousal among primary and middle school students of different grades (F=3.57, 5.99, 4.45, 4.60, 7.40, P < 0.05). Negative attention bias, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress symptoms were significantly positively correlated (r=0.27-0.84, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety (OR=1.13, 95%CI=1.06-1.20) and negative attention bias (OR=1.10, 95%CI=1.07-1.12) were positively associated with PTSD symptoms in primary and middle school students(P < 0.01). Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms show impacts on negative attention bias and might exacerbate the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Therefore, emotional adjustments can help reduce the post-traumatic stress response in the post-epidemic period.
ABSTRACT
In order to perform the isolation of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and study the pathogenicity of IBV isolate, the RT-PCR was used to detect nucleic acid extracted from a clinical sample of chickens, which were suspected to be infected with infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and provided by a farmer in Yuncheng, Shanxi province. And the sample was detected as IBV positive by RT-PCR. Then 9-11-day-old SPF chicken embryonated eggs were inoculated with the sample filtered from the grinding fluid, and the obtained allantoic fluid was blindly passed by three generations (F3) and was also tested as IBV positive;The F11 generation passaged in embryonated eggs caused typical "dwarf embryo" lesions to SPF chicken embryonated eggs, and induced the loss of cilia in tracheal rings. The results showed that an IBV strain was isolated and named as YC181031. The S1 gene amplification and sequencing analysis showed that YC181031 strain belonged to IBV GI-22 genotype, which is also nephropathogenic type IBV. Seven-day-old SPF chicks were used to test the pathogenicity of the isolate. The results showed that several clinical symptoms were showed in chicks infected with YC181031, such as breathing with difficulty, depression, excreting watery droppings and death. The mortality of infected chicks was 20%. Typical pathological changes such as enlargement of kidney and urate deposition in the kidney were observed in infected chicks. The immunohistochemical assay and viral load detection were performed for the tissue samples from infected and dead chicks. The tissue lesions and distribution of virus were observed in the kidney, trachea, lung, glandular stomach, spleen and liver samples of infected chicks. RT-PCR detection of pharyngeal anal swabs showed that the virus shedding by infected chicks could be continuously detected within 14 days of the test period;The viral loads of various tissues were detected by RT-qPCR and the results showed that the viral load from high to low was kidney, trachea, lung, stomach, spleen and liver. The viral load of kidney was significantly higher than that of other tissues (P < 0.05).In this study, the pathogenicity characteristics of GI-22 genotype strain were systematically studied for the first time, providing a reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
ABSTRACT
Chicken infectious bronchitis (IB) is one of the epidemic diseases that cause severe economic loss to poultry industry and induced by the infection of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). IBV was prone to mutation and recombination due to its genomic characteristics, resulting in new antigenic variants. In order to understand the prevalence and variation of IBV in Shanxi province and provide reference for IB epidemic prevention and control in this area, tissues of a broiler flock suspected of respiratory virus infection were collected in Jinzhong city, Shanxi province. Through PCR identification, chicken embryo inoculation, and sequencing verification, an IBV strain was isolated and named CK/Shanxi-01/2021. On the basis of S1 gene sequencing, the sequence was compared with those of the representative IBV strains of different genotypes deposited in NCBI database, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. The results of genetic evolution analysis showed that the IBV strain isolated in this study was belonged to GI-19 genotype. The sequence alignment of CK/Shanxi-01/2021 with common IBV vaccine strains H120, M41, H52, 4/91, and LDT3-A showed that the nucleotide homology between the isolated strain and the current common vaccine strain was 78.1%-85.2%, and the amino acid homology was only 75.2%-78.4%. Compared with the sequences of GI-19 genotype strains, some new mutations, including V68I, S120A, A271T, N282T, and N291S, were identified in the S1 protein hypervariable region(HVR). Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and control of IB epidemic to strengthen the epidemiological monitoring of IBV and timely grasp the current epidemic IBV genotype and its variation characteristics.
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiological trend and characteristics of 2019 coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) during January 22 to February 28 in 2020 in Shanxi Province to provide scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control. The COVID-19 data were obtained from official website of Health Commission of Shanxi Province and other media. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of cases. The number of new confirmed cases in Shanxi Province appeared an inflection point on February 8(12). By February 28, 2020, the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in Shanxi Province was 0.36/100,000, and the proportion of cured and discharged patients was 84.85%. The cumulative incidence was 0.29/100,000 in females and 0.42/100,000 in males, with significant difference (X2=4.866, P < 0.05). The confirmed cases were mainly concentrated in Jinzhong (27.82%), Yuncheng (14.29%) and Taiyuan (15.04%). Most cases had a history of travel or residence in other provinces. In conclusion, the incidence of COVID-19 is decreasing, however, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the imported cases and pay close attention to the origin and destination of the floating population.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To explore the relationship between an anti-epidemic mentality and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among college students during the corona virus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of PTSD when college students experience sudden crisis events in the future.